Homeworld Effects Manual: setLifespan()
setLifespan(float value)
Sets object's lifespan to value seconds.
Default value: 2.0
Legal values: all real numbers
value can be an integer constant, a floating-point constant, or a floating-point variable. Using an integer variable will not cause a crash, but has the same effect as setLifespan(0), which is not very useful.
Some of the command names make so much sense I feel dumb explaining them. Make sure to set the Lifespan for bullets to some huge value so that your bullets do not disappear halfway to their targets. More complicated effects usually have a lot of timing involved, and setLifespan() makes sure old bits of the effect disappear when they are supposed to.